Which species represents the Maidenhair tree?

The Maidenhair tree is indeed represented by Ginkgo biloba. This species is unique and easily identifiable due to its fan-shaped leaves that are distinct from those of other trees. Ginkgo biloba is a living fossil, with a lineage that dates back over 200 million years, making it one of the oldest tree species alive today. It is often celebrated not only for its historical significance but also for its medicinal properties; extracts from its leaves are commonly used in herbal supplements aimed at improving cognitive function and circulation.

In contrast, the other species listed have different characteristics and uses. Paeonia lactiflora, known as the Chinese peony, is valued for its ornamental properties and for use in traditional herbal medicine, but it does not relate to the Maidenhair tree. Panax ginseng, a well-known adaptogen, is primarily recognized for its use in traditional medicine to enhance energy and cognitive function, lacking any relationship to Ginkgo. Echinacea purpurea is widely used for its immune-boosting effects and features distinct flower heads, further distinguishing it from Ginkgo biloba. Thus, Ginkgo biloba stands out clearly as the Maidenhair tree among the provided options.