What is the main medicinal use of Catharanthus roseus?

Catharanthus roseus, commonly known as Madagascar periwinkle, is primarily recognized for its role in cancer treatment. It produces several alkaloids, notably vincristine and vinblastine, which are used in chemotherapy protocols to treat various types of cancers, including sarcoma. These alkaloids work by inhibiting cell division, thereby effectively targeting rapidly proliferating cancer cells. This specific property of Catharanthus roseus makes it an important plant in the field of medical botany, especially in oncology.

The other options listed do not align with the primary medicinal use of Catharanthus roseus. Although plants can have multiple medicinal applications, the reputation of Madagascar periwinkle in cancer therapy, particularly for sarcomas, is well-established and supported by substantial research and clinical use.