What is a taproot specifically?

A taproot is specifically an underground storage root characterized by a central root that is thicker and deeper than the surrounding roots. This type of root structure acts as a primary conduit for the plant to anchor itself firmly into the soil while also storing essential nutrients and water. The depth and robustness of a taproot allow the plant to access resources that other root systems may not reach, which can be particularly advantageous in environments where surface water is scarce.

In contrast to other root types, a taproot typically grows straight down and can allow for significant nutrient storage, making it crucial for certain plants to thrive in specific conditions. For example, many biennial plants, like carrots and beets, store energy in their taproots during the first year of growth for use in the subsequent flowering and fruiting stage.