What characterizes ointments?

The characteristic that defines ointments is their smooth, oily preparation specifically designed for external use. Ointments typically have a base of oils or fats, allowing them to effectively form a protective barrier on the skin, retain moisture, and deliver medication directly to localized areas. This format is ideal for addressing skin conditions, as the oily nature helps enhance the absorption of active ingredients and provides a soothing effect.

The other options describe different preparations or methods that do not align with the definition of ointments. For instance, compressed powdered material refers more to forms like powders or tablets rather than a cohesive, topical formulation. Making something by dissolving it in water pertains to solutions or creams, rather than the oil-based consistency of ointments. Lastly, the intention for chewing and swallowing relates to oral medications, which stand apart from external ointments used for dermal application. The unique properties of ointments and their therapeutic functionality make them distinctly different from these other forms.